|
Home
World
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua Barbuda
Arctic Ocean
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Ashmore Cartier Isle
Atlantic Ocean
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Baker Island
Bangladesh
Barbados
Bassas da India
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia Herzegovina
Botswana
Bouvet Island
Brazil
British Indian Ocean
British Virgin Islands
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burma
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Rep
Chad
Chile
China
Christmas Island
Clipperton Island
Cocos
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Congo Republic
Cook Islands
Coral Sea Islands
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Europa Island
Falkland Islands
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
Antarctic Lands
Gabon
Gambia
Gaza Strip
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard McDonald Isle
Honduras
Hong Kong
Howland Island
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jarvis Island
Jersey
Johnston Atoll
Jordan
Juan de Nova Island
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kingman Reef
Kiribati
Jan Mayen
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia
Midway Islands
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nauru
Navassa Island
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
North Korea
N Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pacific Ocean
Pakistan
Palau
Palmyra Atoll
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paracel Islands
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Islands
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Reunion
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
St Helena
St Kitts Nevis
St Lucia
St Pierre Miquelon
St Vincent Grenadines
Samoa
Sandwich Islands
San Marino
Sao Tome Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
South Korea
S Ocean
Spain
Spratly Islands
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Svalbard
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad Tobago
Tromelin Island
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virgin Islands
Wake Island
Wallis and Futuna
West Bank
Western Sahara
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Guide
Introduction
| |
| Background: |
Bosnia and Herzegovina's
declaration of sovereignty in October 1991, was followed by a referendum
for independence from the former Yugoslavia in February 1992. The
Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed
resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and
joining Serb-held areas to form a "greater Serbia." In March
1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from
three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton,
Ohio, the warring parties signed a peace agreement that brought to a
halt the three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement
was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Agreement retained
Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a joint
multi-ethnic and democratic government. This national government is
charged with conducting foreign, economic, and fiscal policy. Also
recognized was a second tier of government comprised of two entities
roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The
Federation and RS governments are charged with overseeing internal
functions. In 1995-96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR)
of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military
aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led
Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission is to deter renewed
hostilities. SFOR remains in place at a level of approximately 21,000
troops. |
| Location: |
Southeastern Europe,
bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia |
| Geographic
coordinates: |
44 00 N, 18 00 E |
| Map
references: |
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Europe |
| Area: |
total: 51,129 sq
km
land: 51,129 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
| Area
- comparative: |
slightly smaller than West
Virginia |
| Land
boundaries: |
total: 1,459 km
border countries: Croatia 932 km, Yugoslavia 527 km |
| Climate: |
hot summers and cold winters;
areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe
winters; mild, rainy winters along coast |
| Terrain: |
mountains and valleys |
| Elevation
extremes: |
lowest point:
Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point: Maglic 2,386 m |
| Natural
resources: |
coal, iron, bauxite,
manganese, forests, copper, chromium, lead, zinc, hydropower |
| Land
use: |
arable land: 14%
permanent crops: 5%
permanent pastures: 20%
forests and woodland: 39%
other: 22% (1993 est.) |
| Irrigated
land: |
20 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Natural
hazards: |
destructive earthquakes |
| Environment
- current issues: |
air pollution from
metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited;
water shortages and destruction of infrastructure because of the 1992-95
civil strife |
| Environment
- international agreements: |
party to: Air
Pollution, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Geography
- note: |
within Bosnia and
Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint
Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian
Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region
called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and traditionally has been
settled by an ethnic Croat majority |
| Population: |
3,922,205
note: all data dealing with population are subject to
considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action
and ethnic cleansing (July 2001 est.) |
| Age
structure: |
0-14 years:
20.13% (male 405,713; female 383,850)
15-64 years: 70.78% (male 1,422,796; female 1,353,410)
65 years and over: 9.09% (male 150,802; female 205,634)
(2001 est.) |
| Population
growth rate: |
1.38% (2001 est.) |
| Birth
rate: |
12.86 births/1,000 population
(2001 est.) |
| Death
rate: |
7.99 deaths/1,000 population
(2001 est.) |
| Net
migration rate: |
8.91 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2001 est.) |
| Sex
ratio: |
at birth: 1.07
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Infant
mortality rate: |
24.35 deaths/1,000 live
births (2001 est.) |
| Life
expectancy at birth: |
total population:
71.75 years
male: 69.04 years
female: 74.65 years (2001 est.) |
| Total
fertility rate: |
1.71 children born/woman
(2001 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS
- adult prevalence rate: |
0.04% (1999 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS
- people living with HIV/AIDS: |
NA |
| HIV/AIDS
- deaths: |
less than 100 (1999 est.) |
| Nationality: |
noun: Bosnian(s),
Herzegovinian(s)
adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian |
| Ethnic
groups: |
Serb 31%, Bosniak 44%, Croat
17%, Yugoslav 5.5%, other 2.5% (1991)
note: Bosniak has replaced muslim as an ethnic term in part
to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam |
| Religions: |
Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%,
Roman Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10% |
| Languages: |
Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian |
| Literacy: |
definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA% |
| Country
name: |
conventional long form:
none
conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina
local long form: none
local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina |
| Government
type: |
emerging democracy |
| Administrative
divisions: |
there are two first-order
administrative divisions - the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina (Federacija Bosna i Hercegovina) and the Bosnian Serb-led
Republika Srpska; note - Brcko in northeastern Bosnia is a
self-governing administrative unit under the sovereignty of Bosnia and
Herzegovina; it is not part of either the Federation or Republika Srpska |
| Independence: |
1 March 1992 (from
Yugoslavia) |
| National
holiday: |
National Day, 25 November
(1943) |
| Constitution: |
the Dayton Agreement, signed
14 December 1995, included a new constitution now in force |
| Legal
system: |
based on civil law system |
| Suffrage: |
16 years of age, if employed;
18 years of age, universal |
| Executive
branch: |
chief of state:
Chairman of the Presidency Jozo KRIZANOVI (chairman since 14 June 2001,
presidency member since NA March 2001 - Croat); other members of the
three-member rotating (every 8 months) presidency: Zivko RADISIC (since
13 October 1998 - Serb) and Beriz BELKIC (since NA March 2001 - Bosniak);
note - Ante JELAVIC was dismissed from his post by the UN High
Representative in March 2001
head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers
Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA (since 18 July 2001)
cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the council
chairman; approved by the National House of Representatives
elections: the three members of the presidency (one Bosniak,
one Croat, one Serb) are elected by popular vote for a four-year term;
the member with the most votes becomes the chairman unless he or she was
the incumbent chairman at the time of the election; election last held
12-13 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2002); the chairman
of the Council of Ministers is appointed by the presidency and confirmed
by the National House of Representatives
election results: percent of vote - Zivko RADISIC with 52%
of the Serb vote was elected chairman of the collective presidency for
the first 8 months; Ante JELAVIC with 52% of the Croat vote followed
RADISIC in the rotation; Alija IZETBEGOVIC with 87% of the Bosniak vote
won the highest number of votes in the election but was ineligible to
serve a second term until RADISIC and JELAVIC had each served a first
term as Chairman of the Presidency; IZETBEGOVIC retired from the
presidency 14 October 2000 and was temporarily replaced by Halid GENJAC;
Ante JELAVIC was replaced by Jozo KRIZANOVIC in March 2001
note: President of the Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina: Karlo FILIPOVIC (since 27 February 2001); Vice President
Safet HALILOVIC (since 27 February 2001); note - president and vice
president rotate every year; President of the Republika Srpska: Mirko
SAROVIC (since 11 November 2000) |
| Legislative
branch: |
bicameral Parliamentary
Assembly or Skupstina consists of the National House of Representatives
or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats - 14 Serb, 14 Croat, and 14 Bosniak;
members elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) and the House
of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members
elected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of Representatives and
the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve two-year terms); note
- as of 1 January 2001, Bosnia and Herzegovina does not have a permanent
election law; a draft law specifies four-year terms for the state and
first-order administrative division entity legislatures; officials
elected in 2000 were elected to two-year terms on the presumption that a
permanent law would be in place before 2002
elections: National House of Representatives - elections
last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2002); House
of Peoples - last constituted after the 11 November 2000 elections (next
to be constituted in the fall of 2002)
election results: National House of Representatives -
percent of vote by party/coalition - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDP
9, SDA 8, SDS 6, HDZ-BiH 5, SBH 5, PDP 2, NHI 1, BPS 1, DPS 1, SNS 1,
SNSD-DSP 1, DNZ 1, SPRS 1; House of Peoples - percent of vote by
party/coalition - NA%; seats by party/coalition - NA
note: the Bosniak/Croat Federation has a bicameral
legislature that consists of a House of Representatives (140 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections
last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 38, SDP 37, HDZ-BiH 25, SBH
21, DNZ 3, NHI 2, BPS 2, DPS 2, BOSS 2, GDS 1, RP 1, HSS 1, LDS 1,
Pensioners' Party of FBiH 1, SNSD-DSP 1, HKDU 1, HSP 1; and a House of
Peoples (74 seats - 30 Bosniak, 30 Croat, and 14 others); last
constituted November 2000; the Republika Srpska has a National Assembly
(83 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms);
elections last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); percent
of vote by party - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDS 31, PDP 11, SNSD
11, SDA 6, DSP 4, SDP 4, SPRS 4, SBH 4, DNS 3, SNS 2, NHI 1, DSRS 1,
Pensioners' Party 1; as of 1 January 2001, Bosnia and Herzegovina does
not have a permanent election law; a draft law specifies four-year terms
for the state and first-order administrative division entity
legislatures; officials elected in 2000 were elected to two-year terms
on the presumption that a permanent law would be in place before 2002 |
| Judicial
branch: |
BiH Constitutional Court
(consists of nine members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat
Federation's House of Representatives, two members by the Republika
Srpska's National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the
president of the European Court of Human Rights)
note: a new state court, established in November 1999, has
jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law and appellate
jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities; the entities each
have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a number of lower courts;
there are ten cantonal courts in the Federation, plus a number of
municipal courts; the Republika Srpska has five municipal courts |
| Political
parties and leaders: |
Bosnian Party or BOSS [Mirnes
AJANOVIC]; Bosnian Patriotic Party or BPS [Sefer HALILOVIC]; Civic
Democratic Party of BiH or GDS [Ibrahim SPAHIC]; Croat Christian
Democratic Union or HKDU BiH [Ante PASALIC]; Croatian Democratic Union
of BiH or HDZ-BiH [leader vacant]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Zdravko
HRSTIC]; Croatian Peasants Party of BiH or HSS-BiH [Ilija SIMIC];
Democratic Action Party or SDA [Alija IZETBEGOVIC]; Democratic National
Alliance or DNS [Dragan KOSTIC]; Democratic Party of Pensioners or DPS [Alojz
KNEZOVIC]; Democratic Party of RS or DSRS [Dragomir DUMIC]; Democratic
Peoples Union or DNZ [Fikret ABDIC]; Democratic Socialist Party or DSP [Nebojsa
RADMANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Rasim KADIC]; New Croatian
Initiative or NHI [Kresimir ZUBAK]; Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina or
SBH [Haris SILAJDZIC]; Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Mladen
IVANIC]; Party of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK];
Pensioners' Party of FBiH [Husein VOJNIKOVIC]; Pensioners' Party of SR [Stojan
BOGOSAVAC]; Republican Party of BiH or RP [Stjepan KLJUIC]; Serb
Democratic Party or Serb Lands or SDS [Dragan KALINIC]; Serb National
Alliance (Serb People's Alliance) or SNS [Biljana PLAVSIC]; Social
Democratic Party BIH or SDP-BiH [Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA]; Socialist Party of
Republika Srpska or SPRS [Zivko RADISIC] |
| Political
pressure groups and leaders: |
NA |
| International
organization participation: |
BIS, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD,
ECE, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM
(guest), OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNIDO, UNMEE, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) |
| Diplomatic
representation in the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Igor DAVIDOVIC
chancery: 2109 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20037
telephone: [1] (202) 337-1500
FAX: [1] (202) 337-1502
consulate(s) general: New York |
| Diplomatic
representation from the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Thomas J. MILLER
embassy: Alipasina 43, 71000 Sarajevo
mailing address: use street address
telephone: [387] (33) 445-700
FAX: [387] (33) 659-722
branch office(s): Banja Luka, Mostar |
| Flag
description: |
a wide medium blue vertical
band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band
and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with
seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom
along the hypotenuse of the triangle |
| Government
- note: |
The Dayton Agreement, signed
in Paris on 14 December 1995, retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's exterior
border and created a joint multi-ethnic and democratic government. This
national government - based on proportional representation similar to
that which existed in the former socialist regime - is charged with
conducting foreign, economic, and fiscal policy. The Dayton Agreement
also recognized a second tier of government, comprised of two entities -
a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the
Bosnian Serb Republika Srpska (RS) - each presiding over roughly
one-half the territory. The Federation and RS governments are charged
with overseeing internal functions. The Dayton Agreement established the
Office of the High Representative (OHR) to oversee the implementation of
the civilian aspects of the agreement. About 250 international and 450
local staff members are employed by the OHR. |
| Economy
- overview: |
Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked
next to The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as the poorest
republic in the old Yugoslav federation. Although agriculture is almost
all in private hands, farms are small and inefficient, and the republic
traditionally is a net importer of food. Industry has been greatly
overstaffed, one reflection of the socialist economic structure of
Yugoslavia. TITO had pushed the development of military industries in
the republic with the result that Bosnia hosted a large share of
Yugoslavia's defense plants. The bitter interethnic warfare in Bosnia
caused production to plummet by 80% from 1990 to 1995, unemployment to
soar, and human misery to multiply. With an uneasy peace in place,
output recovered in 1996-98 at high percentage rates from a low base;
but output growth slowed appreciably in 1999 and 2000, and GDP remains
far below the 1990 level. Economic data are of limited use because,
although both entities issue figures, national-level statistics are not
available. Moreover, official data do not capture the large share of
activity that occurs on the black market. The marka - the national
currency introduced in 1998 - has gained wide acceptance, and the
Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina has dramatically increased its
reserve holdings. Implementation of privatization, however, has been
slower than anticipated. Banking reform accelerated in early 2001 as all
the communist-era payments bureaus were shut down. The country receives
substantial amounts of reconstruction assistance and humanitarian aid
from the international community but will have to prepare for an era of
declining assistance. |
| GDP: |
purchasing power parity -
$6.5 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP
- real growth rate: |
8% (2000 est.) |
| GDP
- per capita: |
purchasing power parity -
$1,700 (2000 est.) |
| GDP
- composition by sector: |
agriculture: 19%
industry: 23%
services: 58% (1996 est.) |
| Population
below poverty line: |
NA% |
| Household
income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Inflation
rate (consumer prices): |
8% (2000 est.) |
| Labor
force: |
1.026 million |
| Labor
force - by occupation: |
agriculture NA%, industry
NA%, services NA% |
| Unemployment
rate: |
35%-40% (1999 est.) |
| Budget: |
revenues: $1.9
billion
expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures
of $NA (1999 est.) |
| Industries: |
steel, coal, iron ore, lead,
zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products,
wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil
refining |
| Industrial
production growth rate: |
10% (2000 est.) |
| Electricity
- production: |
2.585 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity
- production by source: |
fossil fuel:
38.68%
hydro: 61.32%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1999) |
| Electricity
- consumption: |
2.684 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity
- exports: |
150 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity
- imports: |
430 million kWh (1999) |
| Agriculture
- products: |
wheat, corn, fruits,
vegetables; livestock |
| Exports: |
$950 million (f.o.b., 2000
est.) |
| Exports
- commodities: |
NA |
| Exports
- partners: |
Croatia, Switzerland, Italy,
Germany |
| Imports: |
$2.45 billion (f.o.b., 2000
est.) |
| Imports
- commodities: |
NA |
| Imports
- partners: |
Croatia, Slovenia, Germany,
Italy |
| Debt
- external: |
$3.4 billion (2000 est.) |
| Economic
aid - recipient: |
$1 billion (1999 est.) |
| Exchange
rates: |
marka per US dollar - 2.086
(January 2001), 2.124 (2000), 1.837 (1999), 1.760 (1998), 1.734 (1997),
0.015 (1996) |
| Fiscal
year: |
calendar year |
| Telephones
- main lines in use: |
303,000 (1997) |
| Telephones
- mobile cellular: |
9,000 (1997) |
| Telephone
system: |
general assessment:
telephone and telegraph network is in need of modernization and
expansion; many urban areas are below average when compared with
services in other former Yugoslav republics
domestic: NA
international: no satellite earth stations |
| Radio
broadcast stations: |
AM 8, FM 16, shortwave 1
(1998) |
| Television
broadcast stations: |
33 (plus 277 repeaters)
(September 1995) |
| Internet
country code: |
.ba |
| Internet
Service Providers (ISPs): |
3 (2000) |
| Internet
users: |
3,500 (2000) |
| Railways: |
total: 1,021 km
(electrified 795 km; operating as diesel or steam until grids are
repaired)
standard gauge: 1,021 km 1.435-m gauge; note - many
segments still need repair and/or reconstruction (2000) |
| Highways: |
total: 21,846 km
paved: 14,020 km
unpaved: 7,826 km
note: road system is in need of maintenance and repair
(2001) |
| Waterways: |
NA km; large sections of the
Sava blocked by downed bridges, silt, and debris |
| Pipelines: |
crude oil 174 km; natural gas
90 km (1992) |
| Ports
and harbors: |
Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski
Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava),
Orasje |
| Merchant
marine: |
none (2000 est.) |
| Airports
- with paved runways: |
total: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
under 914 m: 3 (2000 est.) |
| Airports
- with unpaved runways: |
total: 19
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 11 (2000 est.) |
| Military
branches: |
Federation Army or VF
(composed of both Croatian and Bosniak elements), Republika Srpska Army
or VRS (composed of Bosnian Serb elements); note - within both of these
forces air and air defense are subordinate commands |
| Military
manpower - military age: |
19 years of age |
| Military
manpower - availability: |
males age 15-49:
1,127,146 (2001 est.) |
| Military
manpower - fit for military service: |
males age 15-49:
895,780 (2001 est.) |
| Military
manpower - reaching military age annually: |
males: 29,757
(2001 est.) |
| Military
expenditures - dollar figure: |
$NA |
| Military
expenditures - percent of GDP: |
NA% |
| Disputes
- international: |
none |
| Illicit
drugs: |
minor transit point for
marijuana and opiate trafficking routes to Western Europe |
|
